{"id":42813,"date":"2023-02-07T16:25:38","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T16:25:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/motorgenie.com\/thu-nghiem-chi-so-phan-cuc-tren-dong-co-dien-hien-da-vuot-qua-cac-phuong-phap-hien-dai\/"},"modified":"2023-02-07T16:25:38","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T16:25:38","slug":"thu-nghiem-chi-so-phan-cuc-tren-dong-co-dien-hien-da-vuot-qua-cac-phuong-phap-hien-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/motorgenie.com\/vi\/thu-nghiem-chi-so-phan-cuc-tren-dong-co-dien-hien-da-vuot-qua-cac-phuong-phap-hien-dai\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1ec1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (PI) l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n (ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u1ea3m) \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m PI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi h\u01a1n mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

CH\u1ec8 S\u1ed0 PH\u00c2N C\u1ef0C (PI)<\/h2>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (PI) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800 nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m PI cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t (GWI) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m PI li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 500V \u2013 1000V) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GWI trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GWI h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n dung t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, s\u1ea1ch, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m logarit theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (PI) l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (IRG) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 1 v\u00e0 10 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n

PI = IRG 10 ph\u00fat\/IRG 1 ph\u00fat<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m PI x\u1ea3y ra khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t (GWI) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec7n dung h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh h\u01a1n khi n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi h\u01a1n sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i x\u1ea3y ra trong v\u00f2ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc IRG l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 5.000 Meg-ohms. PI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, do th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00ean n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t \u00edt d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o g\u00f3c pha v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a MCA.<\/p>\n

V\u1eacT LI\u1ec6U C\u00c1CH \u0110I\u1ec6N<\/h2>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00f3 tho\u00e1t ra n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd 20 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ecfng s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p khi l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2y tr\u00e1ng men \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 20.000 gi\u1edd \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (105 \u0111\u1ebfn 240\u00b0 C).<\/p>\n

H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6T<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f3 2 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ra kh\u1ecfi khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ng\u0103n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p cho cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y tho\u00e1t ra l\u00f5i stato ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp men bao quanh d\u00e2y d\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng stato. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

KH\u00c1NG C\u00c1CH \u0110\u1ea4T (IRG)<\/h2>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (IRG) ho\u1eb7c \u201cth\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra cho khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

C\u00d4NG SU\u1ea4T<\/h2>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n dung (C), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng Farad, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: 1 Farad = l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng coulomb (Q) chia cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o l\u00e0 pin 12V v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a 0,04 coulomb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung l\u00e0 0,0033 Farad ho\u1eb7c 3,33 mF. M\u1ed9t Coulomb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 6,24 x 1018 electron ho\u1eb7c proton. M\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n 3,33 mF s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng 2,08 X 1016 electron khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n dung t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m kia, l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n dung ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n – \u0110i\u1ec7n dung t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec7n dung t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec7n dung t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n dung n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t (CTG)<\/h2>\n

Ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n dung n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t (CTG) cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t (GWI) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n dung t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t CTG ri\u00eang khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f2n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c GWI b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u01a1i \u1ea9m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, CTG s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu GWI ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung k\u00e9m h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn CTG gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

V\u1eacT LI\u1ec6U \u0110I\u1ec6N L\u1ef0C<\/h2>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9m nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c electron kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c (c\u1eb7p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u00e2m).<\/p>\n

h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i (K)<\/h2>\n

H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i (K) l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c, so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 K b\u1eb1ng 1.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

K c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed4N TH\u1ea4T \u0110I\u1ec6N L\u1ef0C<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u00eau t\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

H\u1eceA \u0110I\u1ec6N \u0110I\u1ec6N<\/h2>\n

Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 cao khi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i. Trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i r\u1eafn, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

D\u00d2NG \u0110I\u1ec6N S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG V\u1edaI T\u1ee4 S\u1ea0C<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (PI) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ba d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c<\/b> \u2013 D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u0169y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. D\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf< h\u01a1n 1 ph\u00fat. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 nhau b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c<\/b> – D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970) khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi 100 megaohm (106) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 30 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi h\u01a1n (sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970), gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb giga-ohm \u0111\u1ebfn tera-ohm (109, 1012) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c k\u1ebft th\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/b> \u2013 D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

HI\u1ec6N T\u1ea0I \u0110ANG S\u1ea0C<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n chia s\u1ebb s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7t ngu\u1ed3n DC v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c electron ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a pin v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c electron s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a pin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o pin \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c electron t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u00e2m. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1edf c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a pin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng electron d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb pin sang c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch tr\u1eef trong t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

D\u00d2NG PH\u00c2N C\u1ef0C<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n trong t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n dung c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng electron c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

D\u00d2NG R\u00d2<\/h2>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec7n dung h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec6 S\u1ed0 T\u1ea2N NHI\u1ec6T<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thay th\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u AC \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t (GWI). Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u DC \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra GWI g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i 3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u AC \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra GWI, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (d\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c, d\u00f2ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c) kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (d\u00f2ng r\u00f2).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng n\u1ea1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1eeda chu k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau n\u00ean d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c 90\u00b0, trong khi d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ti\u00eau t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng pha v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n (DF) \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n dung (IC) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (IR).<\/p>\n

DF = IC \/ IR<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch, m\u1edbi, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 IR< 5% IC, n\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p do nhi\u1ec7t th\u00ec IC gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c IR t\u0103ng. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p DF s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH M\u1ea0CH \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 (MCA \u2122<\/span> )<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (MCA\u2122), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (MCE), l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (MCC) ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1p gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 AT7 v\u00e0 AT34 c\u1ee7a ALL-TEST Pro s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MCA \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • L\u1ed7i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/span><\/li>\n
  • L\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y b\u00ean trong<\/span><\/li>\n
  • M\u1edf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/span><\/li>\n
  • L\u1ed7i r\u00f4to<\/span><\/li>\n
  • S\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 MCA\u2122 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y ba ph\u00fat, so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 10 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH M\u1ea0CH \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 N\u00d3 HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG NH\u01af TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O?<\/h2>\n

    Ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ba pha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ALL-TEST Pro \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u AC h\u00ecnh sin, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p MCA:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • S\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Fi (g\u00f3c pha)<\/span><\/li>\n
    • H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t<\/span><\/li>\n
    • I\/F (\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i)<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra t\u0129nh (TVS)<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Stator v\u00e0 Rotor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      V\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 AC\/DC<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00e9o AC\/DC<\/span><\/li>\n
      • M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n\/M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 servo<\/span><\/li>\n
      • M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/span><\/li>\n
      • M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        B\u1ea2N T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT<\/h2>\n

        Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m PI t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian (h\u01a1n 15 ph\u00fat) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y hay c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH M\u1ea0CH \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 (MCATM), x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo t\u1eebng pha \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong v\u00f2ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 3 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 DF, CTG & IRG, c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 MCA, DF, CTG v\u00e0 IRG, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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